---
title: Primary source register (S01 to S49)
shelf: Graph systems
url: https://library.feedthejoe.com/graph-systems/primary-source-register/
markdown: https://library.feedthejoe.com/graph-systems/primary-source-register.md
author: Joseph W. Anady
publisher: THATDEVELOPERGUY LLC
status: "Reference: Review dates are not publication dates"
summary: "All review dates: 2026-09-12. A review date is not a source publication date. Sources were used for the scoped graph expansion, not to revalidate the entire original corpus."
published: 2026-09-12
reviewed: 2026-09-12
modified: 2026-10-14
release: 2026.09.12-g40
edition: 2026.09.12-g40
words: 1902
rights: © 2026 THATDEVELOPERGUY LLC. All rights reserved.
---

# Primary source register (S01 to S49)

All review dates: 2026-09-12. A review date is not a source publication date. Sources were used for the scoped graph expansion, not to revalidate the entire original corpus. URLs are references to live documents, not archived snapshots.

### S01 · Creating helpful, reliable, people first content

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/creating-helpful-content](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/creating-helpful-content)
* **Supports:** E-E-A-T and authorship guidance; not a specific standalone ranking factor.
* **Does not establish:** Does not specify an E-E-A-T graph, public numeric score, or guaranteed outcomes.

### S02 · Organization structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/organization](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/organization)
* **Supports:** Published organization identification and supported structured data properties.
* **Does not establish:** Does not establish facts about Joseph or require every domain to be a separate business.

### S03 · ProfilePage structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/profile-page](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/profile-page)
* **Supports:** Profile pages focused on one affiliated Person or Organization and their eligible markup.
* **Does not establish:** Does not guarantee a knowledge panel or authorize invented biographies.

### S04 · sameAs

* **Publisher:** Schema.org
* **URL:** [https://schema.org/sameAs](https://schema.org/sameAs)
* **Supports:** A reference URL that unambiguously identifies the same item.
* **Does not establish:** Does not mean related topic, common ownership, endorsement, or automatic provider recognition.

### S05 · Person

* **Publisher:** Schema.org
* **URL:** [https://schema.org/Person](https://schema.org/Person)
* **Supports:** Vocabulary for people and documented person properties.
* **Does not establish:** Vocabulary availability does not verify a credential or relationship.

### S06 · Brand

* **Publisher:** Schema.org
* **URL:** [https://schema.org/Brand](https://schema.org/Brand)
* **Supports:** A brand is representable separately from the organization, website, and person.
* **Does not establish:** Does not establish legal status or ownership.

### S07 · Service

* **Publisher:** Schema.org
* **URL:** [https://schema.org/Service](https://schema.org/Service)
* **Supports:** Service, provider, and service area modeling vocabulary.
* **Does not establish:** Does not establish a physical branch or guarantee a rich result.

### S08 · General structured data guidelines

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/sd-policies](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/sd-policies)
* **Supports:** Visible content accuracy, policies, and feature eligibility.
* **Does not establish:** Valid JSON alone does not guarantee eligibility or display.

### S09 · A guide to Google Search ranking systems

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ranking-systems-guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/ranking-systems-guide)
* **Supports:** Link analysis and evolved PageRank are among documented ranking systems.
* **Does not establish:** Does not expose present proprietary weights or make a local centrality score a Google score.

### S10 · Knowledge Graph Search API

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/knowledge-graph](https://developers.google.com/knowledge-graph)
* **Supports:** Read only entity search; individual matches rather than an interconnected graph; migration and critical dependency warnings.
* **Does not establish:** Not an ingestion API, full graph export, authority score, or recommended new production dependency.

### S11 · Introducing the Knowledge Graph: things, not strings

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not/](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/introducing-knowledge-graph-things-not/)
* **Supports:** Historical disclosure of an entity and relationship system.
* **Does not establish:** Historical counts and implementation details must not be presented as current.

### S12 · RDF 1.1 Concepts and Abstract Syntax

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/](https://www.w3.org/TR/rdf11-concepts/)
* **Supports:** Triples, directed labeled graphs, IRIs, and RDF datasets.
* **Does not establish:** This pinned specification is not a requirement imposed on ordinary SEO websites.

### S13 · JSON-LD 1.1

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/](https://www.w3.org/TR/json-ld11/)
* **Supports:** JSON based Linked Data representation, identifiers, contexts, and graphs.
* **Does not establish:** Serialization does not establish truth or search engine ingestion.

### S14 · PROV-O: The PROV Ontology

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/](https://www.w3.org/TR/prov-o/)
* **Supports:** Entities, activities, agents, and provenance relationships.
* **Does not establish:** Does not certify source independence or guarantee factual correctness.

### S15 · SKOS Simple Knowledge Organization System Reference

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/](https://www.w3.org/TR/skos-reference/)
* **Supports:** Concept schemes, labels, broader/narrower and related concepts.
* **Does not establish:** A topic taxonomy is not a public Google topical authority score.

### S16 · Shapes Constraint Language (SHACL)

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/](https://www.w3.org/TR/shacl/)
* **Supports:** Validation of data graphs against shapes and constraints.
* **Does not establish:** A conforming graph is not necessarily factually true.

### S17 · Consolidate duplicate URLs

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/consolidate-duplicate-urls)
* **Supports:** Canonicalization of duplicate or similar documents and associated signals.
* **Does not establish:** Document equivalence is not identity equivalence between their publishers.

### S18 · Localized versions of your pages

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/specialty/international/localized-versions)
* **Supports:** Language/region alternative page annotations.
* **Does not establish:** Does not require unrelated regional doorway pages or prove a business has offices there.

### S19 · Make your links crawlable

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/links-crawlable](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/links-crawlable)
* **Supports:** Discoverable links and useful anchor text.
* **Does not establish:** Does not prescribe an ideal universal link count or expose link weights.

### S20 · JavaScript SEO basics

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/crawling-indexing/javascript/javascript-seo-basics)
* **Supports:** Crawling, rendering, links, content, and JavaScript delivery considerations.
* **Does not establish:** Does not make a successful browser run proof that an external engine indexed the page.

### S21 · Optimizing for generative AI features on Google Search

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/ai-optimization-guide](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/fundamentals/ai-optimization-guide)
* **Supports:** SEO foundations, query fan out, no special AI schema/file requirement, and current reporting guidance.
* **Does not establish:** Does not mandate a public graph endpoint or disclose an exact query fan out for a particular result.

### S22 · AI Performance help

* **Publisher:** Microsoft Bing
* **URL:** [https://www.bing.com/webmasters/help/ai-performance-9f8e7d6c](https://www.bing.com/webmasters/help/ai-performance-9f8e7d6c)
* **Supports:** Documented grounding query and cited page observations with metric boundaries.
* **Does not establish:** Citations are not rankings, authority, traffic, or the complete universe of AI usage.

### S23 · Introducing AI Performance in Bing Webmaster Tools: Public Preview

* **Publisher:** Microsoft Bing
* **URL:** [https://blogs.bing.com/webmaster/February-2026/Introducing-AI-Performance-in-Bing-Webmaster-Tools-Public-Preview](https://blogs.bing.com/webmaster/February-2026/Introducing-AI-Performance-in-Bing-Webmaster-Tools-Public-Preview)
* **Supports:** Dated February 2026 launch context for citation reporting.
* **Does not establish:** Launch documentation alone does not establish all later report fields.

### S24 · GraphRAG documentation

* **Publisher:** Microsoft
* **URL:** [https://microsoft.github.io/graphrag/](https://microsoft.github.io/graphrag/)
* **Supports:** Graph based organization and retrieval of a corpus with entity/community representations.
* **Does not establish:** Not proof that public search products use this implementation or that it beats every baseline.

### S25 · GraphRAG local search

* **Publisher:** Microsoft
* **URL:** [https://microsoft.github.io/graphrag/query/local_search/](https://microsoft.github.io/graphrag/query/local_search/)
* **Supports:** Retrieval combining graph linked entities with original text units.
* **Does not establish:** Generated extraction or summaries must not be treated as independently verified facts.

### S26 · Hierarchical Navigable Small World graphs

* **Publisher:** Malkov and Yashunin
* **URL:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.09320](https://arxiv.org/abs/1603.09320)
* **Supports:** Primary research on graph based approximate nearest neighbor search.
* **Does not establish:** Vector proximity is not identity, entailment, citation support, or human authority.

### S27 · Overview of OpenAI crawlers

* **Publisher:** OpenAI
* **URL:** [https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots](https://developers.openai.com/api/docs/bots)
* **Supports:** Separate search, training, and user directed access roles.
* **Does not establish:** Allowing a crawler does not guarantee citation or train an assistant on a private uploaded graph.

### S28 · LocalBusiness structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/local-business](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/local-business)
* **Supports:** Feature specific business/location representations and requirements.
* **Does not establish:** A service area must not be used to invent a physical location; publication needs privacy review.

### S29 · Review snippet structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/review-snippet](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/review-snippet)
* **Supports:** Review feature eligibility and self serving LocalBusiness/Organization review restrictions.
* **Does not establish:** Authentic testimonials do not automatically qualify for review stars.

### S30 · Product structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/product](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/product)
* **Supports:** Product and offer information in supported search experiences.
* **Does not establish:** Does not imply all product information is current or validate feed/landing page agreement.

### S31 · Shopping Graph explained

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/shopping/shopping-graph-explained/](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/shopping/shopping-graph-explained/)
* **Supports:** Documented shopping graph as a product and shopping information system.
* **Does not establish:** Not a graph publishers can directly overwrite; historical quantities are not current metrics.

### S32 · Event structured data

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/event](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/structured-data/event)
* **Supports:** Event specific dates, locations, and feature modeling.
* **Does not establish:** Not every service, sale, or recurring business schedule is an eligible event.

### S33 · Google Images SEO best practices

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/google-images)
* **Supports:** Image discovery, contextual information, and relevant metadata.
* **Does not establish:** Does not mandate the custom multimedia graph defined in this package.

### S34 · Video SEO best practices

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/appearance/video)
* **Supports:** Video discovery and page/asset context.
* **Does not establish:** A transcript or graph record alone does not prove a video is eligible or indexed.

### S35 · The Open Graph protocol

* **Publisher:** Open Graph protocol
* **URL:** [https://ogp.me/](https://ogp.me/)
* **Supports:** Social preview metadata including title, type, image, and URL.
* **Does not establish:** Open Graph is not Google Knowledge Graph, an E-E-A-T score, or GraphRAG.

### S36 · Help: Sources

* **Publisher:** Wikidata
* **URL:** [https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources](https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Help:Sources)
* **Supports:** Source backed statements in Wikidata.
* **Does not establish:** Does not justify creating promotional identities or ignoring project inclusion policies.

### S37 · How it is built

* **Publisher:** OpenAlex
* **URL:** [https://help.openalex.org/data/how-its-built/](https://help.openalex.org/data/how-its-built/)
* **Supports:** Public scholarly data assembled from multiple sources.
* **Does not establish:** Dataset inclusion does not prove a person authored a work or that a claim is true.

### S38 · Economic Graph

* **Publisher:** LinkedIn
* **URL:** [https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/](https://economicgraph.linkedin.com/)
* **Supports:** A documented professional/economic graph initiative.
* **Does not establish:** Not evidence that LinkedIn connections cause Google rankings or establish credentials.

### S39 · PageRank algorithm documentation

* **Publisher:** NetworkX
* **URL:** [https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.link_analysis.pagerank_alg.pagerank.html](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.link_analysis.pagerank_alg.pagerank.html)
* **Supports:** Computing PageRank on a graph supplied by the analyst.
* **Does not establish:** Not access to the Google ranking graph or proprietary PageRank values.

### S40 · Bipartite graphs

* **Publisher:** NetworkX
* **URL:** [https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/bipartite.html](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/bipartite.html)
* **Supports:** Two set graph modeling and graph operations.
* **Does not establish:** Does not make a query document projection a disclosed search engine system.

### S41 · Components

* **Publisher:** NetworkX
* **URL:** [https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/component.html](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/component.html)
* **Supports:** Connected and strongly connected component algorithms.
* **Does not establish:** A cycle in ordinary site navigation is not inherently a defect.

### S42 · ODRL Information Model 2.2

* **Publisher:** W3C
* **URL:** [https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-model/](https://www.w3.org/TR/odrl-model/)
* **Supports:** Permissions, prohibitions, and duties as a policy description.
* **Does not establish:** Descriptions do not enforce access or certify valid legal consent.

### S43 · Spam policies for Google web search

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies](https://developers.google.com/search/docs/essentials/spam-policies)
* **Supports:** Abuse boundaries including link spam and scaled content abuse.
* **Does not establish:** Does not authorize manipulation because it is expressed as graph construction.

### S44 · Helping you along your Search journeys

* **Publisher:** Google
* **URL:** [https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/helping-you-along-your-search-journeys/](https://blog.google/products-and-platforms/products/search/helping-you-along-your-search-journeys/)
* **Supports:** Historical disclosure of a Topic Layer associated with Knowledge Graph.
* **Does not establish:** Not evidence of current complete architecture, exact graph weights, or a publisher controlled feature.

### S45 · Knowledge Based Trust: Estimating the Trustworthiness of Web Sources

* **Publisher:** Dong and colleagues
* **URL:** [https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03519](https://arxiv.org/abs/1502.03519)
* **Supports:** Historical primary research estimating source trustworthiness from extracted factual information while distinguishing extraction errors.
* **Does not establish:** Not proof of current Google deployment, a public SEO score, or equivalence with E-E-A-T.

### S46 · Knowledge Vault: A Web Scale Approach to Probabilistic Knowledge Fusion

* **Publisher:** Google Research
* **URL:** [https://research.google/pubs/knowledge-vault-a-web-scale-approach-to-probabilistic-knowledge-fusion/](https://research.google/pubs/knowledge-vault-a-web-scale-approach-to-probabilistic-knowledge-fusion/)
* **Supports:** Historical primary research combining web extractions and prior knowledge with probabilistic fusion.
* **Does not establish:** A research publication is not a currently available submission endpoint or guaranteed factual correctness.

### S47 · HITS: hubs and authorities

* **Publisher:** NetworkX
* **URL:** [https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.link_analysis.hits_alg.hits.html](https://networkx.org/documentation/stable/reference/algorithms/generated/networkx.algorithms.link_analysis.hits_alg.hits.html)
* **Supports:** Official implementation documentation for separate hub and authority scores on an input graph.
* **Does not establish:** Not an engine provided E-E-A-T score or evidence that this exact implementation runs in current Google Search.

### S48 · Jigs and Lures: Associating Web Queries with Strongly Typed Entities

* **Publisher:** Microsoft Research
* **URL:** [https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/jigs-and-lures-associating-web-queries-with-strongly-typed-entities/](https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/publication/jigs-and-lures-associating-web-queries-with-strongly-typed-entities/)
* **Supports:** Primary research using query to entity click graphs to model associations.
* **Does not establish:** An association does not establish identity or truth; experimental logs are not the user's available data or current production specification.

### S49 · Combating Web Spam with TrustRank

* **Publisher:** Gyöngyi, Garcia Molina, and Pedersen / VLDB
* **URL:** [https://www.vldb.org/conf/2004/RS15P3.PDF](https://www.vldb.org/conf/2004/RS15P3.PDF)
* **Supports:** Historical primary research using expert reviewed seeds and link structure for spam detection; abstract and introductory graph model inspected.
* **Does not establish:** Does not establish current deployment in Google, a universal seed list, or permission to manufacture trust links.